Brazil’s former President Bolsonaro charged over alleged coup that included a plan to poison Lula
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RIO DE JANEIRO — Brazil’s prosecutor-general on Tuesday formally charged former President Jair Bolsonaro with attempting a coup to stay in office after his 2022 election defeat in a plot that included a plan to poison his successor, current President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, and kill a Supreme Court judge.
Prosecutor-General Paulo Gonet alleges that Bolsonaro and 33 others participated in a plan to remain in power. The plot, he wrote, included a plan to poison Lula and shoot dead Supreme Court Justice Alexandre de Moraes, a foe of the former president.
“The members of the criminal organization structured a plan at the presidential palace to attack institutions, aiming to bring down the system of the powers and the democratic order, which received the sinister name of ‘Green and Yellow Dagger,’” Gonet wrote in a 272-page indictment. “The plan was conceived and taken to the knowledge of the president, and he agreed to it.”
Bolsonaro’s defense team said it met the accusations with “dismay and indignation,” adding in a statement that the former “President has never agreed to any movement aimed at deconstructing the democratic rule of law or the institutions that underpin it.”
Bolsonaro’s son, Flávio Bolsonaro, who is a senator, said on the social media platform X that the indictment was “empty” and there was no evidence of wrongdoing. He accused the prosecutor-general’s office of serving “the nefarious interests of Lula.”
In November, Brazil’s Federal Police filed a 884-page report with Gonet detailing the scheme. It alleges a systematic effort to sow distrust in the electoral system, drafting a decree to provide legal cover for the plot, pressuring top military brass to go along with the plan and inciting a riot in the capital.
In the indictment, Gonet described the alleged crimes as part of a chain of events articulated with an overarching objective of stopping Bolsonaro from leaving office, “contrary to the result of the popular will at the polls.”
The Supreme Court will analyze the charges and, if accepted, Bolsonaro will stand trial.
The far-right leader denies wrongdoing. “I have no concerns about the accusations, zero,” Bolsonaro told journalists earlier Tuesday during a visit to the Senate in Brasilia.
“Have you seen the coup decree, by any chance? You haven’t. Neither have I,” he added.
Fabio Wajngarten, a lawyer for Bolsonaro, did not immediately comment on the charges but said there would be a statement, without specifying when.
As well as allegedly participating in a coup d’état, the 34 defendants are accused of participating in an armed criminal organization, attempted violent abolition of the democratic rule of law, damage qualified by violence and serious threat against the state’s assets, and deterioration of listed heritage, according to a statement from the prosecutor-general’s press office.
Gonet said the criminal organization he charged “had as leaders the [then] president himself and his running mate, Gen. Braga Netto.”
“Both accepted, stimulated, and performed acts that are described in our criminal legislation as attacking the existence and the Independence of [the branches] of power and of the democratic rule,” Gonet wrote in his report.
The crimes have varying penalties. If Bolsonaro is convicted of attempting a coup and the violent abolition of the democratic rule of law, he could be sentenced to up to 20 years in prison, according to the country’s criminal code.
The indictments, based on manuscripts, digital files, spreadsheets and message exchanges, expose a scheme to disrupt the democratic order, according to the prosecutor-general’s office.
The charges are “historic,” said Luis Henrique Machado, a criminal attorney and professor at the IDP university in Brasilia, adding that he expects the Supreme Court to accept the charges and put Bolsonaro on trial sometime before the end of next year.
“The charges show Brazil’s institutions are robust, independent and agile,” Machado said. “They are a role model for other countries where democracy is at risk.”
Bolsonaro is barred from running in the 2026 election after judges on the top electoral court ruled that he abused his power and cast unfounded doubts on the country’s electronic voting system.
Following Tuesday’s charges, Bolsonaro will “position himself as a victim,” said Carlos Melo, a political science professor at Insper University in São Paulo. Bolsonaro, like his ally President Trump during his most recent campaign, has previously said his legal woes were an attempt to stop him from returning to office.
Trump was impeached on a charge of inciting an insurrection and was indicted on criminal charges related to his own attempt to remain in power after he lost the 2020 election. That indictment was dismissed after Trump was elected in November, as the U.S. Justice Department has a long-standing policy against charging sitting presidents.
Political experts in Brazil say Bolsonaro too may stage a comeback despite the case against him.
“There are polls saying he would be competitive in the 2026 elections against Lula, one of them published today,” Melo said. “There’s going to be political dust, but it will settle.”
Hughes and Savarese write for the Associated Press and reported from Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, respectively.
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